The goal of this theme is to translate the knowledge about BioPM sources and composition (Themes 1 & 2) to better understand the longer-term human exposure to BioPM and environmental impacts using computational modelling to estimate impact over large spatial scales. It will further address dose-response relationships (e.g. how much BioPM will trigger a health event) and dispersal patterns of BioPM to determine set-back distances which is important when developing policy.